QuarkXPress also lost marketshare due to an increasing price gap between it and InDesign.
The release of QuarkXPress version 5 in 2002 led to disappointment from Apple's user base, as QuarkXPress did not support Mac OS X, while Adobe InDesign 2.0-launched in the same week-did. Gill sold his 50% stake in the company in 1999 for a reported $500 million. After QuarkXPress 3.3, QuarkXPress was seen as needing significant improvements and users criticized it for its overly long innovation cycles.
Xtensions, along with Adobe's Photoshop plugins, was one of the first examples of a developer allowing others to create software add-ons for their application.Īlthough competitors like PageMaker existed, QuarkXPress was so dominant that it had an estimated 95% market share during the 1990s. In 1989, QuarkXPress incorporated an application programming interface called XTensions which allows third-party developers to create custom add-on features to the desktop application. Quark's AppleScript support was a significant factor in both Quark's and AppleScript's success. In particular, the Mac version of 3.3 (released in 1996) was seen as stable and trouble-free, working seamlessly with Adobe's PostScript fonts as well as with Apple's TrueType fonts.
In the 1990s, QuarkXPress became widely used by professional page designers, the typesetting industry and printers.
Five years passed before a Microsoft Windows version (3.1) followed in 1992. The first version of QuarkXPress was released in 1987 for the Macintosh. More recent versions have added support for ebooks, Web and mobile apps.įounded by Tim Gill in 1981 with a $2,000 loan from his parents, with the introduction of Fred Ebrahimi as CEO in 1986. QuarkXPress is used by individual designers, large publishing houses and corporations to produce a variety of layouts, from single-page flyers and collateral to the multi-media projects required for magazines, newspapers, catalogs and the like. The most recent version, QuarkXPress 2021 (internal version number 17.0.1), allows publishing in English ("International and U.S.") and 36 other languages, including Arabic, Chinese, Japanese, Portuguese, German, Korean, Russian, French and Spanish. in 1987 and is still owned and published by them. QuarkXPress is a desktop publishing software for creating and editing complex page layouts in a WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) environment. Finally, we provide an outlook on future applications that could benefit from origami and kirigami to create intrinsically curved surfaces.2021 (17.0.1) (October 1, 2021 3 months ago ( )) Moreover, we highlight practical aspects that are relevant in the development of advanced materials with these techniques. Here, we review recent origami and kirigami techniques that can be used for this purpose, discuss their underlying mechanisms, and create physical models to demonstrate and compare their feasibility. Although such techniques are limited by an inherent developability constraint, the rational design of the crease and cut patterns enables the shape-shifting of (nearly) inextensible sheets into geometries with apparent intrinsic curvature. The centuries-old art forms of origami and kirigami could offer elegant solutions, involving only folding and cutting to transform flat papers into complex geometries. Fabricating arbitrarily complex three-dimensional geometries requires the ability to change the intrinsic curvature of initially flat structures, while simultaneously limiting material distortion to not disturb the surface features. Among other advantages, this technique permits the use of functionality-inducing planar processes on flat starting materials, which after shape-shifting, result in a unique combination of macro-scale geometry and surface topography. Transforming flat sheets into three-dimensional structures has emerged as an exciting manufacturing paradigm on a broad range of length scales.